What you need to know about cervical cancer (Ⅱ)

The prevention and control strategies for cervical cancer include prevention, screening and treatment, which are often called a form of three-level prevention.

 

Primary prevention refers to etiology and the adoption of effective measures to reduce the carcinogenic effect on the body. Secondary prevention refers to the use of screening and early diagnosis to find precancerous lesions, so as to reduce the incidence and mortality rate of cervical cancer. Tertiary prevention refers to treatment according to the clinical stage of cervical invasive cancer, improving patients' quality of life, prolonging life and reducing pain.

 

Primary prevention refers to etiological prevention , eliminating the high-risk factors leading to cervical cancer and preventing HPV infection .

 

It mainly includes: 

(1)Vaccination against HPV, especially for adolescent females who have not had a sexual life, which can effectively prevent the infection by the type of virus covered by the vaccines; 

 

(2)Establishing safe sexual behaviors, such as delaying first sexual activity, using condoms correctly and reducing the number of sexual partners; 

 

(3) Developing good living habits, such as keeping a balanced diet, taking regular physical exercise, and quitting smoking as soon as possible.

 

At present, there are four types of HPV vaccines approved in China. One is domestic(bivalent HPV vaccine), and the other three are all imported (9-valent HPV vaccine, quadrivalent HPV vaccine and bivalent HPV vaccine). Women can voluntarily get vaccinated at their own expense.

 

The HPV vaccine is managed by CDCs. See the table for detailed information:

Type	2vHPV (imported)	4vHPV (imported)	9vHPV (imported)	2vHPV (domestic)
HPV types	HPV types (16 and 18)	HPV types (6,11,16 and 18)	HPV types (6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, 45, 52, and 58)	HPV types (16 and 18)
Diseases prevented	70 percent of cervical cancer	70 percent of cervical cancer; 90 percent of condyloma acuminatum	90 percent of cervical cancer; 90 percent of condyloma acuminatum	70 percent of cervical cancer
Age	Women aged 9-45	Women aged 9-45	Women aged 16-26	Women aged 9-45
Schedule	three doses: second and third doses at second and sixth months after first dose	three doses: second and third doses at third and sixth months after first dose	three doses: second and third doses at third and sixth months after first dose	three doses: second and third doses at third and sixth months after first dose two doses for children aged 9-14: second sixth months after first dose